Hedge accounting applies to all hedge relationships, with the exception of fair value hedges of the interest rate exposure of a portfolio of financial assets or financial liabilities. Last Updated – September, 2026 Financial Accounting · Risk Management Hedge Accounting – The Definitive Guide to Managing Financial Risk 15 min read … Read More
Equity settled share-based payments account for the payment for goods/services in the form of equity instruments (shares or share options) of the company or group company. Last Updated – September, 2026 IFRS 2 · IAS Accounting Standard Equity SettledShare-based Payments CA Written by Jhanzayb (ACA) Qualified Chartered Accountant · IFRS … Read More
IFRS 16 – Leases sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. The objective is to ensure that ‘lessees’ and ‘lessors’ provide relevant information in a manner that faithfully represents those transactions. This information gives a basis for users of financial statements to assess the … Read More
PESTEL model is a powerful strategic tool used to analyze external factors impacting a business, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal elements. Exploring real-world PESTEL model examples helps businesses better understand market trends, risks, and opportunities. By applying this framework effectively, companies can make informed decisions and strengthen … Read More
Choosing between a CPA and an actuary career depends on your interests in accounting, finance, and risk analysis. A Certified Public Accountant (CPA) focuses on financial reporting, auditing, and taxation, while an Actuary specializes in risk assessment using mathematics and statistics. Understanding the differences between CPA vs Actuary helps you … Read More
In a sale and leaseback transaction, an entity (the seller-lessee) sells an asset to another entity (the buyer-lessor), which then leases the asset back to the seller-lessee. Sale and leaseback a concept which explains that such transaction is accounted for as a ‘sale‘ of an underlying asset and a ‘leaseback‘ of … Read More
ISA 540 (Revised) – Auditing Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures deals with the auditor’s responsibilities relating to accounting estimates and related disclosures in an ‘audit‘ of financial statements. Last Updated – August, 2026 International Standard on Auditing · IAASB ISA 540 – The Complete Guide to Auditing Accounting Estimates & … Read More
ISA 620 – Using the Work of an Auditor’s Expert deals with the auditor’s responsibilities relating to the work of an individual or organization in a field of expertise other than accounting or auditing, when that work is used to assist the ‘auditor’ in obtaining sufficient appropriate audit evidence. Last … Read More
ISA 810 (Revised) – Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements deals with the auditor’s responsibilities relating to an engagement to report on ‘summary financial statements’ derived from financial statements audited in accordance with ISAs by that same auditor. Last Updated – August, 2026 International Standard on Auditing ISA 810 … Read More
ISA 265 – Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to Those Charged with Governance and Management deals with the auditor’s responsibility to communicate appropriately to those charged with governance and management deficiencies in internal control that the auditor has identified in an ‘audit’ of financial statements. Last Updated – August, 2026 … Read More